The conflict quickly spread from Sampit to the provincial capital, Palangkaraya. The Dayak tribes utilized traditional tactics and psychological warfare, reviving ancestral warrior traditions. The speed and intensity of the violence overwhelmed local security forces, leading to a breakdown in law and order that lasted for weeks. The Humanitarian Toll The statistics of the conflict are sobering:
Over 100,000 Madurese civilians were forced to flee Kalimantan. Many sought refuge in East Java or returned to the island of Madura, leaving behind homes and businesses they had built over decades. perang dayak dan madura
Based on this analysis, the following recommendations are made: The conflict quickly spread from Sampit to the