Why do incumbents fail while startups succeed? The "Innovator’s Dilemma," coined by Clayton Christensen, explains this phenomenon.
When digital technologies & business models fundamentally change how industries operate, displacing established market leaders. Example: Streaming (Netflix) disrupting cable TV; Uber disrupting taxis; Airbnb disrupting hotels. digital disruption and transformation pdf download
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Legacy systems (often called "technical debt") slow down innovation. Transformation requires modernizing infrastructure—often moving to the cloud—to allow for rapid scaling and faster time-to-market. Why do incumbents fail while startups succeed