IEC 61869-2 introduces the to exorcise this ghost.
A merging unit (the device that samples the CT's analog signal and converts it to a digital Ethernet stream) expects a perfect analog input. If the CT's phase error is 1 degree at 10% burden, the merging unit will digitize that error, and the protection relay will calculate the wrong impedance. A fault 10 km away will appear to be 9.8 km away. The zone-1 protection might not trip. iec 61869 2
Thus, 61869-2 is the silent guardian of the digital grid. It ensures that the analog-to-digital handshake is not poisoned at the source. IEC 61869-2 introduces the to exorcise this ghost
Requirements for protective current transformers for transient performance. 3. Key Technical Requirements A fault 10 km away will appear to be 9
In the old days, CTs were simple donuts of iron and copper. But this was a modern gas-insulated substation (GIS). The equipment was compact, sensitive, and ruthlessly precise. Elias pointed his flashlight at the nameplate of the suspect unit.