While there is no single famous paper titled "Delta ROM Patcher," the technology relies on well-established file differencing algorithms. The most relevant materials are academic papers on and the technical specifications of the patching formats themselves (like UPS, IPS, and BPS).
In the emulation community, the format is widely considered the modern standard for "Delta ROM Patching" because it creates significantly smaller patches than older formats (like IPS) by only storing the differences (deltas). delta rom patcher