After a cold outbreak, the polar jet stream—a river of fast-moving air that separates cold Arctic air from warmer mid-latitude air—temporarily buckles northward. This allows a large, stable high-pressure system (a "blocking high") to settle over a region.
The Indian summer holds cultural significance in India, with many festivals and celebrations taking place during this period: indian summer'
This temporary climate reversal is driven by large-scale synoptic meteorology. A massive, sluggish high-pressure system (an anticyclone) becomes locked over the region. After a cold outbreak, the polar jet stream—a
Meteorologically, an Indian Summer is caused by a specific, large-scale shift in atmospheric patterns: enhancing daytime warming.
By late autumn, the ground is often dry (frozen nights reduce evaporation, and autumn rains have not yet begun in earnest). Dry soil heats up faster than wet soil, enhancing daytime warming.