Active Transport Function Jun 2026

| Type | Energy Source | Primary Function Example | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Direct hydrolysis of ATP | Na⁺/K⁺ pump (maintains resting potential), Ca²⁺ ATPase (sequesters calcium in ER) | | Secondary Active Transport | Ion gradient (indirect) | SGLT (sodium-glucose uptake in kidneys/intestines) | | Bulk Transport (Vesicular) | ATP (via cytoskeleton) | Endocytosis (taking in large molecules), Exocytosis (secreting hormones/neurotransmitters) |

1️⃣ The primary function is moving molecules against their concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to high concentration). Think of it like pushing a boulder uphill. Without this, cells couldn't accumulate nutrients they desperately need. active transport function