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It is operationalized as: (varies by country, age, sex, and activity level).
The FAO defines chronic hunger (undernourishment) as:
This is measured using the indicator, which estimates the proportion of a population whose caloric intake falls below the minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER).
Chronic hunger is a failure of over time. According to the FAO, food security has four pillars, and chronic hunger occurs when access (economic and physical) and utilization (nutritional quality) are persistently deficient: