Peak summer temperatures reaching 45–47°C accelerate soil moisture loss and can wilt sensitive vegetable crops.
Zaid farming, also known as summer farming, is a crucial agricultural practice in India that provides livelihoods to millions of farmers. The zaid season, which typically occurs between March and July, is characterized by the cultivation of crops such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, and vegetables like brinjal, okra, and chilies. Despite its importance, zaid farming in India faces several challenges that affect productivity, profitability, and sustainability. zaid farming challenges india 2025