Windows 11 continues to use the classic (Check Disk) utility for file system integrity verification and repair, alongside newer storage health features like Scandisk (modernized in Settings) and Storage Health monitoring via S.M.A.R.T. data. The tool supports NTFS , ReFS , FAT32 , and exFAT file systems.

A file system check is a process that examines the file system on a disk for errors, corruption, or inconsistencies. The file system is responsible for organizing and managing files on a disk, and it plays a critical role in ensuring that data is stored and retrieved correctly. Over time, the file system can become corrupted or damaged due to various factors, such as sudden power outages, hardware failures, or software bugs. This can lead to issues like file system errors, disk crashes, or data loss.