The CAA is particularly sensitive in Assam and other northeastern states, where the 1985 Assam Accord set March 24, 1971, as the cutoff for detecting and deporting illegal immigrants. The CAA’s cutoff of 2014 and its religious carve-out threaten to reopen settled demographic anxieties. Critics fear it undermines the Indigenous status of certain ethnic groups and could lead to a fresh influx of migrants, altering the political and cultural landscape. The government has assured that the CAA does not affect the Inner Line Permit (ILP) regime or tribal rights under the Sixth Schedule, but fears persist.
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The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), passed by the Indian Parliament in December 2019, is one of the most debated legislations in contemporary Indian politics. It amended the Citizenship Act of 1955 to grant Indian citizenship to persecuted religious minorities—Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians—from three neighboring Islamic nations: Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, provided they entered India on or before December 31, 2014. While the government defends the Act as a humanitarian gesture, critics argue it violates the secular principle enshrined in the Constitution by using religion as a criterion for citizenship. This essay critically examines the rationale, constitutional challenges, and socio-political ramifications of the CAA. The CAA is particularly sensitive in Assam and